The Dating Scene Has Changed My Life - 926 Words

Introduction The dating scene has changed a lot compared to the past. Things are more complex and interactive as people draw closer together with technology. Anyone can date anyone no matter which side of the world they live on. And there s no need to settle for vicinity relationship with people in their immediate communities. The world is a vast place providing many opportunities for folks from all walks of life to get to know each other. But, no matter who you are or where you’re from, there are always some men in the dating scene ready to play ‘the game’ to get what they want. As the old saying goes, â€Å"You either play or get played†. There are so many vultures circling women ready to pick them off one by one, so they can get what they want, discard them, and leave the pieces for dead. Once these vultures eat the good parts of a woman, they leave the half-eaten remains for another man to deal with. The other man, however, doesn’t want to deal with extra bag gage on his plate, but has to. Baggage develops from unresolved past hurts that destroys every fabric of a woman’s soul and emotional well-being. These women become very aggressive to protect their hearts from any more predators. To prevent baggage from old torn down relationship affecting new ones, a woman has to choose the right man and avoid the wrong ones. Of course, not all men are the same because there are some good ones out there. You just have to search and find them. Sifting through dusty men and trying toShow MoreRelatedModern Romantic Reflection On The Process Of Communication996 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to romantic relationships. Specifically, the initiation and continuation contact with a person of romantic interest.   Ansari chose to emphasize and explore the medium of texting, as a platform of instant messaging, to emphasize the relevance it has in modern romantic interactions. 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Shakespeare is regarded as a very influential writer in British literature and has been an inspiration for literature beyond his time. This play has been recreated for the cinema in many versions of film. One version of film in particular is by the director Kenneth Branagh in 1993 (IMDb). Both the Much Ado About Nothing play and the Much Ado About Nothing film haveRead MoreThe Film Production Of The Movie Production Industry1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthose stereotypes into more general and conclusive stereotypes of Southeast Asians. III. Definition of mise-en-scene Mise-en-scene is French film term used to describe a single shot from a movie. It essentially incorporates everything the viewer can see going on in the frame. This includes but is not limited to the setting, color palette, lighting, and characters that are found in the scene. Ed Sikov best describes it as â€Å"the totality of expressive content within the image.† (Sikov, 2009) The filmsRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s Two Kinds984 Words   |  4 Pagesdisappointment my mother felt in me† (Tan 327). Growing up with a mother like mine, disappointment came very easily. In Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† the mother and daughter were always on edge because the mother expected too much and the daughter could never meet up to the standards that she had set. After thirty years went by after their big falling out the mother gives the daughter a piano as a sign of forgiveness, but the daughter has a remaining feeling of guilt for a long time. In my story, my mother expe ctedRead MoreMy Favorite Music961 Words   |  4 Pagesof situations in life can determine a musical variety of songs to listen to as well. There is no uniqueness if the musical style is changing along with the listener’s age. However, any musical interests can stay the same during the long period of time. 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Arab Representation in the Media vs. the Internet Essay

Arab Representation in the Media vs. the Internet The Arab culture is one that traces far into religious and cultural roots. Family is considered the most influential, supportive, and important aspect in Arabic life. The value held on religion has had such a grave effect that even laws have been established following various religious guidelines. Basically, the Arab culture is not what most have come to understand. Stereotypes perpetuated by the media and press have had more subtle effects then outright violence. They shape a social climate in which all Arabs are treated as potential terrorists. Very few Americans actually view Arabs in a positive light. This barbaric reputation is primarily due to the one-sided depiction of†¦show more content†¦I have also come across many news web sites that only give a negative portrayal of Arabs. So, it is obvious to see that the Internet gives a wide range of outside and inside views. Various Highly Stereotypical Areas of the Media Hollywood is probably the epitome of stereotypical Arab representation. The movie True Lies concerns Middle Eastern affairs. It only gives a â€Å"terrorist like† image of Arabic people. The whole movie is based on trying to resolve a terrorist plot. Another movie, Three Kings, also negatively stereotypes Middle Eastern people. Only once or twice during the movie did I see an Arab utter a few English sentences that actually made sense. The entire movie revolved around the gulf war and a fictional plot of smuggling gold. I have grown up viewing these images of my culture. What was I supposed to think at a young age when all I saw were images of my people doing things that I was told were evil. How am I supposed to shape my own identity around this preset coating of violence on my culture. Due to this, I have attained many negative examples of my people. I can’t even begin to explain how tarnished my Image of Iraq (my country of origin) has become due to the brainwashing depiction of it on the news. All I see are people who suffer and only want freedom from this â€Å"jail like† country. I have had no desire to visit my homeland because of this. It is sad that I have toShow MoreRelatedCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 PagesMEDIA STUDIES PORTFOLIO STUDENT NUMBER: 35772085 SURNAME AND INITIAL: Moatshe, P MODULE CODE: COM3702 SUBMITION DATE: 7 October 2014 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own work and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. 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Cognitive Behavioral Strategies in Crisis Intervention

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Behavioral Strategies in Crisis Intervention. Answer: Introduction Collings and Wood (2009) define a recognition scheme as the management approach which is used in an organizational set up to highlight and hence reward the efforts of outstanding workers. The details of a recognition scheme differ depending on the culture and structure of an organization. One of the most common approaches used to enhance worker motivation is through the establishment of stable salary schemes and occasional rewards for good performers. However, salary packaging may not be effective on a not-for-profit organization due to the financial constraints associated with such set ups. This paper focuses on salary packaging as an approach in retaining talent and motivation within the human resource fraternity. The case study Retaining talent with salary packaging provides the main facts which shall then be utilized to analyze the impacts of this recognition approach as applied in McDonalds company. Based on key human resource management theories, the paper shall analyze the com panys recognition scheme and management culture before establishing its applicability in a different set up for instance in a non-profit making organization. The recognition scheme and McDonalds culture McDonalds is one of the fastest growing hamburger and fast foods industries in the world. The international organization has its chains distributed in various countries across the globe. The immense success of the organization can be attributed to the strong culture and effective management approaches installed by the top leadership. As one of its management strategies, the company largely factors in the essence of employee motivation. This has gone a long way in enhancing the level of motivation within the human resource fraternity (Anita, 2010). From the case study, we can deduce that managers can effectively nurture the talents of their employees through various recognition schemes. The main objective in such leadership approaches is to increase the level of confidence in the work in addition to encouraging quality delivery. The use of material rewards is one of the most effective recognition schemes (Dobbin 2012). In this case, the organization chooses the best performers in a given department and rewards them based on the quality of the performance and consistency in service delivery. This HRM management approach is designed to take place over a given period of time hence can either be monthly, annual or bi-annual. The recognition scheme used by an organization entirely depends on its culture, mission, goals as well as the economic level which directly influences resource availability (Bernhard Ingolis, 1998). The discussion above reveals a similarity in management approaches as used by McDonalds. The organizations design of management largely supports worker motivation through a number of activities (Daft Armstrong, 2009). Despite the fact that the units exist within a chain, the management structure at McDonalds is such that each chain works as a separate profit making entity. This approach encourages team work and healthy competition as the workers in each restaurant give their best in order to ensure quality delivery in all aspects. As a way of rewarding the best performers, the company rewards, with a bonus, all the employees in the top 10% of best performing restaurants within its chain. This reward is based on an analysis of customer feedbacks and the amount of sales made within a period of one month (Dattilio Freeman, 2007). The additional bonuses enhance the employees salary packages which in turn creates motivation and the desire to remain consistent with quality delivery and g ood performance. Consequently, we can argue that the recognition scheme outlined in the course outline runs in conformation with the culture of the organization (Glisson, 1980). McDonalds believes in workforce motivation as a key strategy in maintain top performance. As such, the company continuously uses various motivation and recognition schemes which operate across all the subsidiaries. In order to ensure that these recognition schemes are more appealing to the workforce, the management revises them in addition to introducing new schemes (Hinings, 2013). As a recognition scheme, the company has the employee of the month, manager of the quarter and employee of the year awards. The winners in each of these categories are selected on the basis of the performances of their restaurants in terms of sales, customer satisfaction and quality delivery. This therefore reveals McDonalds organizational culture as one which adequately advocates for the workers needs and interests. Apart from the periodical motivation, the company constantly revises its salary scheme in order to ensure that the remunerations are not only in line with the legal requirements but also moti vate the workforce (Hoque, 2003). The attractive salary packages have played a crucial role in retaining the human resource. Lewin (2010) reveals that most workers at McDonalds have been there for long periods of time since employment due to the relatively supportive work environment and reward programs. As stipulated in the organizational culture, the leadership at McDonalds ensures that the right behaviors by the employees are adequately recognized. In addition, the company ensures that the frequency for recognizing and rewarding efforts is right for the workforce. The strategies therefore indicate that the management team at McDonalds does not only understand the needs of the employees but their value to the organization as well (Lingham Rezania, 2006). The salary packages and reward programs play a crucial part in retaining the current workforce. Additionally, the constructive environment created by the organization for its workers equally attracts future employs and leaders. The recognition scheme, rewards and motivational strategies used at McDonalds do not only encompass the workforce but also covers the managers in different departments (Ostroff, 1993). For instance, there is the manager of the month award in which the managers in the 10% of the best performing restaurants are awarded with additional bonuses to their salaries. As an organizational routine, the winning managers are also sponsored by their employer for a night or two out in addition to other privileges (Posey, 2012). This scheme therefore keeps the managers focused on achieving the key organizational goals which in turn improves the motivational levels down the hierarchical order. With these incentives, the leadership posts at McDonalds are attractive levels wher e each member within the workforce yearns to be at one point in their service. In a nut shell, the consistency and effectiveness of the recognition schemes in the organization does not only retain the existing workers but also attracts future leaders to these positions. Theories that Support McDonalds Scheme The recognition scheme employed by McDonalds is largely aimed at achieving high levels of motivation within the workforce. As a result, various motivational theories entail arguments which adequately support this HRM approach. To begin with, the needs motivational theory advocates for motivation as a method of increasing the effort of the human resource towards achieving organizational goals (Thomas Pederson, 2004). This effort is conditioned such that when it is exerted, it satisfies a particular need by an individual. The theory also describes need as the innate desire which stimulates behavior. For instance, at McDonalds the constant effort by the workers in each of these restaurants is basically stimulated by the need for recognition. As part of the recognition scheme, the organization rewards all employees in the top 10% of the best restaurants within McDonalds chain of business. The reward which comes on a monthly basis involves the employees being rewarded with additional bon uses to their salary package. This strategy has successfully aroused the workers need to be recognized hence increasing their efforts toward achieving quality delivery. The reward scheme depends on the amount of sales and customer feedbacks based on the services received. This strategy motivates the workers to not only enhance their skills at work but also exhibit attractive qualities while dealing with the clients Trevisani, D. (2016). This in turn retains the organizations market base as well as the clientele. The strategies by the company to enhance motivation are clearly in line with the stipulations of the needs motivational theory which adequately supports McDonalds HRM management strategies. John Stacey Adams in his equity theory explains that the monthly salaries and effective work conditions may not be the sole determinants of motivation within an organization. The theory therefore proposes pay arise and promotion as an effective approach which could be utilized by managers to enhance worker motivation. The theory further stipulates that employees are likely to feel motivated when they are treated fairly and advantageously. On the other hand, they tend to feel disaffection and lowly motivated when their efforts are not adequately recognized (Campbell, 2002). This theory effectively illuminates McDonalds organizational structure which is keen on enhancing worker motivation through occasional pay rises and promotion. As part of the recognition scheme, the company identifies top performers in each of the restaurants and in addition to receiving the employee of the year accolade, they get additional pays and promotions. Apart from pay increment and promotion, the organizat ion has also established a number of reward schemes which keeps the workers motivated to offer their best. According to the equity theory, workers tend to establish a balance between their input to the organization and the outcomes of their efforts. This implies that when the efforts meet an appropriate reward, the workers are likely to stick to this line of effort or offer more in a bid to increase the reward and hence the equity value (Watson, 2013). In addition, the job characteristics model outlines the idea that the responsibility given to an individual at a work place ought to serve as a key motivational factor before other elements are injected into recognition scheme. The nature of a job can be designed to motivate a worker through job rotation and change of working conditions. According to Hackman and Oldham, the job characteristics theory proposes that employees are likely to be highly motivated when they experience the meaningfulness of work, have knowledge of the outcome and understand the nature of their responsibilities (Wiley, 2010). As a result, it is a core management responsibility to ensure that the work environment is always made as meaningful as possible to the workers. This could be achieved by enhancing the working conditions and rewarding efforts which collectively contribute to an overall rise in the motivational levels within the organization. At McDonalds, the organizational culture upholds the workers ne ed to properly internalize the key goals and objectives of the company. As soon as an individual becomes part of the workforce, they are taken through rigorous orientation processes and training through different avenues like seminars and exhibitions. This process plays a crucial role in enabling the employees to have a good grip of the organizational mission and vision hence work alongside the requirements. In addition, this approach at McDonalds, the recognition scheme involves periodical rewards to top performing employees. This in turn enables them to have a good understanding of the responsibilities and meaningfulness of work (Wiley, 2010). As highlighted in the job characteristics model, employees tend to be highly motivated when they understand the meaningfulness of their jobs. As such, they tend to work towards achieving greater heights in their areas of responsibilities. Additionally, McDonalds approach to ensure that the organizational objectives are made clear to the empl oyees enables the latter to work with a view on the outcome of their efforts (Braisby Gellatly, 2012). The company encourages the workers to remain consistent in quality delivery by rewarding good performance. As a result, the human resource operates with a sense of direction and an innate desire to achieve constructive outcomes which would in turn attract reward. We can therefore deduce that the job characteristics model entails facts which support McDonalds recognition scheme. McDonalds HRM approach in a non-profit making organization? The management approach used by McDonalds gives a lot of weight on financial rewards as opposed to other material bonuses. As highlighted in the discussion of the companys recognition scheme, the employees in the top performing restaurants get reward every month with additional bonuses to their salary packages. This is the same case with the treatment of the managers who get financial rewards based on their performance on a quarterly basis. As a reward for their efforts, they get company sponsored tours and outings. The design of this recognition scheme therefore reveals the companys use of resources in a number of occasions. It is however a fact worth noting that such an approach would not be sustainable if the company lacked a steady economic flow. This therefore implies that the amount which is spent on reward emanates from the profit the company makes on sales. Consequently, this management approach would not be applicable in a non-profit making organization. Furthermore, the fin ancial reward is always calculated against the backdrop of the companys expense as compared to the profit made. This implies that salary increments, promotions and additional bonuses in form of rewards are all functions which are directly proportional to the amount of money made by the company as profit. These facts can further be emphasized by the statements of McDonalds compensation manager Neal Blackshire (Andersen, 2001). According to Blackshire, the reward given to the managers on a quarterly basis is based on three measures which include; profitability, the mystery shopper scores as well as the rate of growth of sales. From this statement, we can derive the correlation between rewards and profitability according to the management approach employed by McDonalds. Without profitability, the company may lack the funds to sponsor the recognition schemes. We can therefore conclude that this management approach and recognition scheme would not be easily applicable in a non-profit mak ing organization for instance Spastic Centre which majorly depends on sponsorship as a sure source of funds. Conclusion The human resource fraternity plays a crucial role in determining organizational success. As a result, the management approaches used within an organization ought to enhance maximum motivation among the workers. The discussion above adequately highlights the role of recognition schemes in enhancing worker motivation and hence a corresponding customer satisfaction. Despite the existence of various methods of rewarding workers, the use of salary packaging and additional bonuses proves to be one of the most effective approaches. The global success registered by McDonalds could be attributed to the efficient management approaches which enhance worker participation and the eventual constructive outcomes. However, the nature of a recognition scheme largely depends on the amount of profit made by an organization. We can therefore deduce that while the management approaches by McDonalds has been effective in enhancing the realization of organizational goals; it would be quite a challenge app lying it in a non-profit making organization. This is because the approach used by McDonalds entirely depends on the amount of profit made over a given period. In a nut shell, the HRM approaches tend to differ as one moves from one organization to another. References Andersen T.J. (2001). Information technology, strategic decision making approaches and Organizational performance in different industrial settings. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 10(1), pp. 101-119. Anita M. (2010). How Much Does Home Country Matter to Corporate Profitability? Journal of International Business Studies, 4(1), pp. 142165. Bernhard, H., Ingolis, C. (1998). Six lessons for the corporate classroom. Harvard Business Review, 66(5), pp. 12-56. Braisby, A., Gellatly, A. (2012). Cognitive Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Campbell, J. (2002). Personnel training and development, Annual Review of Psychology, 22(1), pp. 565602. Collings, D., Wood, G. (2009). Human resource management: London: Routledge. Daft, R., Armstrong, G. (2009). Organization Theory and Design. Toronto: Nelson. Dattilio, F., Freeman, A. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies in Crisis Intervention. New York: The Guilford Press Dobbin, F. (2012). The Rise of Bureaucracy. Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press. Glisson, M. (1980). Productivity and Efficiency in Human Service Organizations as related to Structure, size and Age. The Academy of Management Journal, 23(1), pp. 21--37. Hinings, C. (2013). Returning to the Frontier of Contigency Theory of Organizational and Institutional Designs. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp. 393440. Hoque, K. (2003). All in all its just another plaque on the wall: the incidence and impact of the Investors in People Standard. Journal of Management Studies, 40(2), pp.54371. Lewin, M. (1986). Determining Organizational Effectiveness - another look, and an agenda for research. Management Science, 32 (5), pp. 514 --538. Lingham, T., Rezania, D. (2006). An evaluation system for training programmes: a case study using a four phase approach. Career Development International, 11(4), pp.334 51. Ostroff, S. (1993). Configurations of Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency. The Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), pp. 13451361. Posey, R. (2012). Modern Organization Theory edited by Mason Haire. Administrative Science Quarterly. 5 (4), pp. 609611. Thomas D., Pederson, J. (2004). McDonald's". International directory of company histories. St. James Press. 23(1), pp.108119. Trevisani, D. (2016). Communication for Leadership: Coaching Leadership Skills. Medialab Research, 34(1), pp. 23-34. Watson, J. (2013). Psychology as the Behaviorist views it, Psychological Review, 20(1), pp. 15877. Wiley, J. (2010). Employee engagement. Human Resources, 2(1), pp.2932.

Waste Land And Great Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby,

Waste Land And Great Gatsby An examination of the connection between F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, and T.S. Eliot's poem, "The Waste Land," reveals that Fitzgerald transposes the meanings and motifs of "The Waste Land" to The Great Gatsby. For instance, the poem begins with: April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing. Eliot sees the renewal of life doomed from the beginning, as in the end it will die anyway. Similarly, in The Great Gatsby, Gatsby tries to repeat the past and live his fantasy, yet he will never be able to achieve it. In addition, another example is the physical description and resemblance of both of the landscapes. In The Great Gatsby, the valley of ashes, like Eliot'' is a "waste land." Eliot enters into the barren land and describes how the roots "clutch" infertile ground, desperately seeking to gain something out of nothing. The valley of ashes is alike with its "fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens." These descriptions suggest that no life forms can ever exist in the harsh environment and that the waste lands offer no forgiveness. The characters' adrift nature is yet another example. In "A Game of Chess," the woman says despairingly: What shall I do now? What shall I do? . . . What shall we do to-morrow? What shall we ever do? Likewise, Daisy says in the first chapter: What'll we plan? What do people plan? And once again in chapter seven: What'll we do with ourselves this afternoon, and the day after that, and the next thirty years? The actions of these women show that they do not know how to manage their time wisely and they waste it. Finally, the similarities between Owl-Eyes and Tiresias can be pointed out. Owl-Eyes has these "enormous owl-eyed spectacles," is blind, "but perceptive." In the same way, Tiresias is also blind, but he foresees all. Both characters represent the eye of the mind. In conclusion, T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land," is influential to The Great Gatsby. Conversely, both of these fantastic works of literature share many of the same meanings and motifs.

Transnationalism and migration

Communication in the Childs Development Essay

Communication in the Childs Development Essay Communicative Factor in the Child’s Development Psychology Essay Communicative Factor in the Child’s Development Psychology Essay Currently, attention of many psychologists in the world is drawn to the problems of early childhood. This interest is not accidental since the first years of human life are the period of the most intense moral development that lays the foundation for physical, mental, and moral health. An unborn child is an evolving human being. Conditions of the child’s development largely determine his/her future. Influence of mother relationship with the unborn child is extremely important for its development. Nowadays, development of the media has greatly reduced the dialogue with each other in many families. However, even the best children’s programs cannot replace parents’ communication with their children. The child’s learning occurs not by passive acceptance, but as an active form of communication with adults. Therefore, reading, talking, and singing to a baby promote the child’s development. Benefits of Reading, Talking, and Singing to a Baby The mastery of speech as a means of communication goes through several stages during the first years of life. The first stage is the preverbal one. A child does not understand the speech of adults and cannot speak at this stage, but it gradually provides conditions for the language acquisition in the future. The second stage is speech emergence, namely transition from the complete absence of speech to its appearance (Buckley 25). A child begins to understand simple sentences of adults and say the first words. The third stage covers all subsequent time, up to the age of seven when a child masters speech and uses it in an increasingly sophisticated and varied way to communicate with surrounding adults. It is the stage of verbal communication development (Buckley 27). Analysis of the behavior of young children shows that nothing in their life and behavior necessitates the used speech (Robinson 31). A child starts to acquire speech only because of the presence of an adult who constantly refers to a child with verbal statements and requires an adequate response to them (Robinson 32). Hence, a special kind of communication problem to understand speech and say a verbal response occurs only in communicating with adults. Therefore, the communicative factor is a decisive condition for the emergence and development of speech in children. The communicative factor affects language development in children and its interpersonal functions at all three stages of development (in the preverbal period, at the time of occurrence, and in the process of its development in the future) (Keenan and Evans 20). Apparently, this effect is not manifested equally at each stage. This is because the very communicative factor in children varies in different periods of child’s development. It undergoes the most serious changes during the pregnancy of an expectant mother and the first months after birth. The Role of Sound during Pregnancy and First Months after Birth for a Child Researchers of the intrauterine growth allocate the following sequence of sensory and motor functions development of the fetus. Capacity for the tactile sensitivity and the first movements of the fetus are observed in the seventh week of pregnancy. The vestibular system is already formed in the sixteenth week of pregnancy. The first facial movements occur in the same week. Regular respiratory movements are formed in the seventeenth week of pregnancy. The twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth weeks develop the ability to scream and the ability to listen accordingly. The ability to experience taste, see, feel pressure, pain, and temperature sensitivity is formed around the same time (Levine and Munsch 16-17). Thus, the basis of the motor and sensory activity is laid in the first half of pregnancy. Modern psychoanalytically-oriented psychology has lots of evidence relating to affective experiences of the fetus in the womb. The fact that the perception of sounds and the human voice is possible well before birth is confirmed by the studies of mental development in preterm infants (Keenan and Evans 11). There is evidence that a child will have a much better musical and linguistic abilities if the mother listens to music during pregnancy (Keenan and Evans 14). American psychoanalyst Patricia Bauer believes that the structure of the self appears primarily as a sound shell and a kind of â€Å"acoustic skin† (Bauer 71). The child’s development occurs in a font of sounds that accompany the process of feeding and come from both the outside world and a child. These sounds are a prerequisite for the development of the child’s inner self (Bauer 74). Even before reaching the age of one month, there is the ability to understand the value of acoustic interventions. Response to sound signals is observed in the baby much earlier than visual and psychomotor reactions. Apparently, the acoustic response can be viewed as a prototype of early differentiated learning (Hupp and Jewell 61). While the process of feeding and infant isolation is perceived only as a one-way process, the perception of sound allows the baby to go through the space around him/her, allowing to interact with the world. In addition, the child’s perception of sounds creates the first space-acoustic image of his/her own body. Finally, the perception of sounds becomes the child’s special relationship with the outside world by the type of real symbiosis with the mother (Keenan and Evans 29-30). It would be impossible for a child to follow an imaginative fusion at the level of imagination and fantasy without such symbiotic acoustic communication. Communication with a Child via Reading, Talking, and Singing It is now established that the formation of neural structures of the brain can be controlled by changing duration and concentration of the information flow (Smidt 48). It is very important for an expectant mother to get positive information from the contact with nature, music, painting, and so on. For example, there is a kind of ritual in the tradition of the Indian people: a woman receives gifts and favors from their relatives and friends every week of pregnancy. According to researchers, hearing organs of a child are formed by the twenty-fourth week of the fetal development (Levine and Munsch 17). On the seventh month, a child perceives not only the mother’s heartbeat, but also the sounds of the outside world (Levine and Munsch 18). Quiet mother’s heartbeat is the best music for a child. As a proof, there was an experiment in the newborn ward. The scientists turned on the sounds of anxious and calm heartbeat alternately. They found that children woke up and cried in the first case, but continued to sleep with the sounds of a calmly beating heart (Levine and Munsch 21). This fact means that a child reacts differently to the state and behavior of his/her mother. Therefore, she should be less angry, irritated, and frustrated. The duty of all people surrounding an expectant mother is to help keep her in a good mood and protect her from any kind of stress. A baby hears not only the mother’s heartbeat, but also her voice, the father’s voice, and the sound of music. Parents should communicate with a baby, tell him/her tender words, sing songs, and play melodious music. As established by years of research, a child responds the best to classical music, lullabies, and nature sounds since all of these cause positive emotions in a future mother (Socha and Stamp 33). Many beautiful odes have been sung in honor of the human voice. The mother’s voice is not just a beautiful voice. This is the main tool of prenatal education and further socialization of a child in early childhood. A child enters the world of human culture via the mother’s voice, perceiving primary vibrations that form the underlying personality structure. According to the studies, gentle vibrations of the mother’s voice are a kind of spiritual and musical homeopathy, which is able to form the child’s soul (Socha and Stamp 36). Since the prenatal period, every sound uttered by a future mother influences development of a child and literally sculpts the body and the mind. During pregnancy, singing and speech of an expectant mother change the respiratory rate, which determines the redox processes in the body of the fetus (Smidt 48). At the same time, diaphragm puts a mild pressure and makes an involuntary internal massage. Singing of a mother changes not only the blood flow in her blood vessels, but also the child’s blood circulation, activating his/her motor activity. Prenatal fetal movement patterns are formed as a result (Smidt 51). It should be emphasized that the emotional experience of singing and listening to music by a future mother has a hormonal effect on the fetus. Vibrations of the mother’s voice are transmitted through various mediums in the woman’s body. Experts have established a positive psycho-correctional impact of the mother’s voice on the mental health of people who have suffered from severe stress situations (Socha and Stamp 42). It should be noted that the record was held via the aquatic environment that simulated amniotic fluid. The perception of resonating and the vibration of the spinal column expand the low frequency spectrum. Moreover, a child receives a certain amount of information from his/her mother via singing and speech. That is why it is very useful for a future mother to comment on her daily activities and explain them through verbalizing. Tactile sensations of the child are also of great importance. A touch on the stomach in the prenatal period, as well as stroking and further interaction with the infant during hygiene procedures, bathing, dressing, feeding, games, and entertainment are equally important during the child’s growth. The intonation of mother’s voice has a deeper impact on the fetus or a child than any external sounds, including classical music (Smidt 63). Today, scientists attribute a special role to hearing in human body. They argue that hearing controls the overall maturation of the brain before the birth and largely determines development of those parts of it that are responsible for the world of senses, intelligence, and movement (Smidt 67; Bauer 84). Therefore, communication with a baby aloud, reading fairy tales and poetry, and singing lullabies before birth are not a new-fangled nonsense for future moms and dads, but an urgent need for the developing baby and return to traditions that have existed for thousands of years in any of the ancient cultures. It has been considered for long that sounds reach the baby through the abdominal wall. In fact, only the loudest ones are capable of overcoming this barrier. Today, it is known that entire human skeletal system is a complex and perfect sound conductor created by the very nature (Keenan and Evans 126). Thus, there is no need for a future mother to raise her voice in order to let the baby hear her. Actually, it is the other way around because the sound that is gentle and pleasant to the ear of the expectant mother is also pleasing to the ear of her baby. Accordingly, sounds, which are too loud and harsh for the mother, are unpleasant and repulsive for the baby. It should be remembered that people could adapt quite easily to loud sounds, while the baby is defenseless (Keenan and Evans 128). Obviously, the sound environment of a baby before birth depends largely on future parents. The sound can have both devastating and harmonizing effects. For example, a four-month fetus has a rapid heartbeat under the influence of loud sounds; he/she starts to behave restlessly. Sometimes, the baby can respond with a foot pushing (Robinson 49). Often, pregnant women say that they had to leave some musical event because of intolerable leg blows in the abdominal wall. The bass sound that is pronounced in modern pop music and especially rock music resonates at the base of the spinal column of the future mother and causes strong vibrations that reach the baby directly. It is also known that modern popular music with fast, loud, and syncopated rhythms adversely affects the rhythm of heartbeats. As a result, the heart cannot maintain its perfect rhythm. A baby perceives such a sharp change in the mother’s usual rhythms of the body as a threat and begins to worry, adversely affecting t he whole body (Keenan and Evans 134). Babies love to listen to classical music and researchers have particularly noted the beneficial influence of music from the Baroque period and classicism, which is close to the human heart rate at rest (Robinson 54). Famous composers of the Baroque period like Bach, Vivaldi, Boccherini, Telemann, or Handel and of the Classical period like Mozart and Haydn are perfect for this purpose (Robinson 56). The most beneficial effect of slow parts of symphonies and concerts that sound in adagio, andante, or largo tempo have the most beneficial effect. Of course, classical music does not fit into the bustle of the modern pace of life, but it is able to touch something much deeper in the soul since it is very beneficial for the baby of the waiting period when susceptibility and sensitivity of the future mother increase due to hormonal changes. It is very important for a future mother to like music that she listens to during pregnancy. After all, an expectant mother is an intermediary between the baby and the outside world and, then, the baby accepts her attitude and mood. Music, causing a state of harmony, charm, beauty, and peace, will transmit the same sentiments and the same values to the baby. Of course, an expectant mother can pick up such a calm and light music in the genre she likes. However, there is music that has no competition and affects a baby in the most beneficial way. It is singing of lullabies. The tradition to sing a calm song before the birth of the baby and after it has been known since ancient times. The baby hears the voice of the mother before birth. Besides, it is able to distinguish it among all other voices immediately after birth. Singing voice, when to compare to a talking one, contains a much wider range of frequencies and carries all the sensations and stimuli, which are very beneficial for the development of the baby. Thus, singing during pregnancy improves health of a mother and her baby and is a universal way to transform negative conditions. Social environment is an external condition and a true source of a child’s development since it contains all of the material and spiritual values that every single individual should possess in his/her development process. Reading, talking, and singing to a baby contributes to the child’s development process. Development of communication, as well as complexity and enrichment of its forms open all the new features of the surrounding environment to a child. This fact is of paramount importance for the progress of child’s mental development.

Critical Case Comment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical Case Comment - Essay Example apportionment of the proceeds of the will of William York, an old man who bequeathed this estate to his nephew at a price that was ridiculously low when compared to the market value of the property. The question that arises in the disposition that was made in this case relates to the law of unconscionability and whether the judgment reflects the appropriate application of this law to derive results that provide for the promotion of efficient market outcomes. Since the Plaintiffs in this case were the daughters of the deceased man while the primary beneficiary was a nephew upon whom the deceased may have been unconsciously dependent, an additional question that arises is whether this dependence produced a property distribution that was inequitable to the daughters when viewed from a feminist perspective. Bill York was a grazier who had lived in Wallumbia all his life. He had four daughters, all married and living off the estate, which he operated, with the help of his brother Sam and his nephew Neil York. In 1985, Bill York drew up his will in which he gave his house, his car and money in the bank to his wife while the estate was to be divided among his daughters, subject to an important qualification – he gave his nephew Neil York, the option to purchase the entire holding for the sum of $200,000.1 Subsequent to this, in 1988, Neil York arranged for the sale of a piece of land known as Injune, which he had acquired with advances from the Mt Leigh pastoral Company that owned holdings possessed jointly held by Bill, Sam and Neil, for the sum of $150,000. He offered to buy some portions of Bill’s property for that sum of $150,000, while retaining his option on the balance of land that remained with Bill. In 1988, the transfers were arranged accordingly. The land that was transferred was owned partially by Bill alone (the territory known as Wonga Park partly by Bill and Sam (the territory known as Wonga park fee simple) and that owned by Neil and Bill (Risby